What is error? And how many types of error?

• What is error?

Error is a mistake or a difference between the value which has been calculated and the correct value.

No measurement can be made with a perfect accuracy. It always consists of some errors.

A study of error is the first step to finding a solution to reduce them.

• How many types of error?

There are three types of error :-

1. Gross error :- Gross error happens due to the human mistakes in reading, recording  and in calculating the result. 

For example :- (a) The experimenter may read the reading as 31.5°C instead of 21.5°C.

(b) And while recording he may record 28.5°C instead of 25.8°C.

 2. Systematics error  :- Systamatic errors includes. 

  (a) Instrumental errors

  (b) Environmental errors

  (c) observational errors

(a) Instrumental Error :- When a good instrument is use in a wrong way then it will definitely cause an error. These types of error is known as instrumental error.

(b) Environmental Error :- The error cause due to  the environmental effect is known as environmental error. This may includes effect of temperature, pressure, humidity & etc.

(c) Observational error :- When the examinar observing an experiment and he is not concentrating on it then there is definitely a error will cause.

 3. Random error :- Random error in experimental measurement is caused by unknown and unpredictable changes in the experiments.